Inflammation and immunity in radiation damage to the gut mucosa

A. Francois (1) , F. Milliat (1) , O. Guipaud (1) , M. Benderitter (1)

1 IRSN/PRP-HOM/SRBE/LRTE - Laboratoire de Radiopathologie et de Thérapies Expérimentales

Erythema was observed on the skin of the first patients treated with radiation therapy. It is in particular to reduce this erythema, one feature of tissue inflammation, that prescribed dose to the tumor site started to be fractionated. It is now well known that radiation exposure of normal tissues generates a sustained and apparently uncontrolled inflammatory process. Radiation-induced inflammation is always observed, often described, sometimes partly explained, but still today far from being completely understood. The thing with the gut and especially the gut mucosa is that it is at the frontier between the external milieu and the organism, is in contact with a plethora of commensal and foreign antigens, possesses a dense-associated lymphoid tissue, and is particularly radiation sensitive because of a high mucosal turnover rate. All these characteristics make the gut mucosa a strong responsive organ in terms of radiation-induced immunoinflammation. This paper will focus on what has been observed in the normal gut and what remains to be done concerning the immunoinflammatory response following localized radiation exposure. © 2013 Agnès François et al.

Mots clés: antigen; chymase; G protein coupled receptor; pattern recognition receptor; reactive oxygen metabolite; toll like receptor; adaptive immunity; cell death; cell polarity; cellular distribution; cytokine release; digestive system inflammation; disease severity; erythema; gastrointestinal mucosa; gastrointestinal toxicity; homeostasis; human; immune response; innate immunity; intestine motility; intestine mucosa; lymphoid cell; macrophage; mast cell; neutrophil; nonhuman; Paneth cell; pathogenesis; pelvis cancer; prescription; proctitis; prostate cancer; radiation dose; radiation dose fractionation; radiation exposure; radiation injury; radiosensitivity; review; soft tissue inflammation; tumor localization; vascular endothelium; congenital malformation; gastrointestinal tract; immunity; immunology; inflammation; mucosa; neoplasm; pathology; radiation; radiotherapy; Abnormalities; Radiation-Induced; Erythema; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Mucous Membrane; Neoplasms; Radiation; Radiotherapy

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

A. Francois, F. Milliat, O. Guipaud, M. Benderitter. Inflammation and immunity in radiation damage to the gut mucosa. BioMed Research International , 2013, 2013, ⟨10.1155/2013/123241⟩. ⟨hal-03111575⟩